Human Rhinovirus B

Human Rhinovirus B is one of three species of human rhinoviruses (HRV-A, HRV-B, and HRV-C) belonging to the Picornaviridae family. It is a small, non‑enveloped virus with a positive‑sense single‑stranded RNA genome. Infections are usually mild or asymptomatic and spread through respiratory droplets or contaminated surfaces. Clinical observations and epidemiology HRV-B circulates worldwide and is responsible for a minority of common colds. Because infections are usually mild, HRV-B is underrepresented in clinical samples; however, studies using molecular diagnostics have identified HRV-B in both community and hospital settings. Unlike HRV-A and HRV-C, HRV-B has fewer genetic types and tends to cause self‑limited upper respiratory illness rather than bronchiolitis or severe asthma flare-ups. Seasonal peaks vary by region but typically occur during spring and autumn when rhinoviruses thrive at cooler temperatures. Coinfections with other respiratory viruses are common, but HRV-B rarely causes severe disease on its own. Preventive measures such as hand hygiene, covering coughs and avoiding close contact during symptomatic illness are important to reduce spread. Most HRV‑B infections resolve without complications, although people with weakened immune systems or chronic lung disease may experience prolonged symptoms. Because no vaccines or specific antivirals exist, ongoing research focuses on receptor interactions, immune responses and viral diversity to inform future interventions. Continued surveillance helps clinicians distinguish between mild common cold strains and those linked to more serious respiratory Related Terms: Human Rhinovirus A, Human Rhinovirus C, Enterovirus D68, Enterovirus A71, Human Parechovirus 1